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create_variation_model — Create a variation model for image comparison.
create_variation_model creates a variation model that can be used for image comparison. The handle for the variation model is returned in ModelID.
Typically, the variation model is used to discriminate correctly manufactured objects (“good objects”) from incorrectly manufactured objects (“bad objects”). It is assumed that the discrimination can be done solely based on the gray values of the object.
The variation model consists of an ideal image of the object to which the images of the objects to be tested are compared later on with compare_variation_model or compare_ext_variation_model, and an image that represents the amount of gray value variation at every point of the object. The size of the images with which the object model is trained and with which the model is compared later on is passed in Width and Height, respectively. The image type of the images used for training and comparison is passed in Type.
The variation model is trained using multiple images of good objects. Therefore, it is essential that the training images show the objects in the same position and rotation. If this cannot be guarateed by external means, the pose of the object can, for example, be determined by using matching (see find_shape_model). The image can then be transformed to a reference pose with affine_trans_image.
The parameter Mode is used to determine how the image of the ideal object and the corresponding variation image are computed. For Mode='standard', the ideal image of the object is computed as the mean of all training images at the respective image positions. The corresponding variation image is computed as the standard deviation of the training images at the respective image positions. This mode has the advantage that the variation model can be trained iteratively, i.e., as soon as an image of a good object becomes available, it can be trained with train_variation_model. The disadvantage of this mode is that great care must be taken to ensure that only images of good objects are trained, because the mean and standard deviation are not robust against outliers, i.e., if an image of a bad object is trained inadvertently, the accuracy of the ideal object image and that of the variation image might be degraded.
If it cannot be avoided that the variation model is trained with some images of objects that can contain errors, Mode can be set to 'robust'. In this mode, the image of the ideal object is computed as the median of all training images at the respective image positions. The corresponding variation image is computed as a suitably scaled median absolute deviation of the training images and the median image at the respective image positions. This mode has the advantage that it is robust against outliers. It has the disadvantage that it cannot be trained iteratively, i.e., all training images must be accumulated using concat_obj and be trained with train_variation_model in a single call.
In some cases, it is impossible to acquire multiple training images. In this case, a useful variation image cannot be trained from the single training image. To solve this problem, variations of the training image can be created synthetically, e.g., by shifting the training image by pixel in the row and column directions or by using gray value morphology (e.g., gray_erosion_shape and gray_dilation_shape), and then training the synthetically modified images. A different possibility to create the variation model from a single image is to create the model with Mode='direct'. In this case, the variation model can only be trained by specifying the ideal image and the variation image directly with prepare_direct_variation_model. Since the variation typically is large at the edges of the object, edge operators like sobel_amp, edges_image, or gray_range_rect should be used to create the variation image.
This operator returns a handle. Note that the state of an instance of this handle type may be changed by specific operators even though the handle is used as an input parameter by those operators.
Width of the images to be compared.
Default value: 640
Suggested values: 160, 192, 320, 384, 640, 768
Height of the images to be compared.
Default value: 480
Suggested values: 120, 144, 240, 288, 480, 576
Type of the images to be compared.
Default value: 'byte'
Suggested values: 'byte', 'int2', 'uint2'
Method used for computing the variation model.
Default value: 'standard'
Suggested values: 'standard', 'robust', 'direct'
ID of the variation model.
A variation model created with create_variation_model requires 12*Width*Height bytes of memory for Mode = 'standard' and Mode = 'robust' for Type = 'byte'. For Type = 'uint2' and Type = 'int2', 14*Width*Height are required. For Mode = 'direct' and after the training data has been cleared with clear_train_data_variation_model, 2*Width*Height bytes are required for Type = 'byte' and 4*Width*Height for the other image types.
create_variation_model returns 2 (H_MSG_TRUE) if all parameters are correct.
train_variation_model, prepare_direct_variation_model
prepare_variation_model, clear_variation_model, clear_train_data_variation_model, find_shape_model, affine_trans_image
Matching
| Operators |