closingclosingClosingClosingclosing (Operator)

Name

closingclosingClosingClosingclosing — Close a region.

Signature

closing(Region, StructElement : RegionClosing : : )

Herror closing(const Hobject Region, const Hobject StructElement, Hobject* RegionClosing)

Herror T_closing(const Hobject Region, const Hobject StructElement, Hobject* RegionClosing)

void Closing(const HObject& Region, const HObject& StructElement, HObject* RegionClosing)

HRegion HRegion::Closing(const HRegion& StructElement) const

static void HOperatorSet.Closing(HObject region, HObject structElement, out HObject regionClosing)

HRegion HRegion.Closing(HRegion structElement)

def closing(region: HObject, struct_element: HObject) -> HObject

Description

A closingclosingClosingClosingClosingclosing operation is defined as a dilation followed by a Minkowski subtraction. By applying closingclosingClosingClosingClosingclosing to a region, larger structures remain mostly intact, while small gaps between adjacent regions and holes smaller than StructElementStructElementStructElementStructElementstructElementstruct_element are closed, and the regions' boundaries are smoothed. All closingclosingClosingClosingClosingclosing variants share the property that separate regions are not merged, but remain separate objects. The position of StructElementStructElementStructElementStructElementstructElementstruct_element is meaningless, since a closing operation is invariant with respect to the choice of the reference point.

Structuring elements (StructElementStructElementStructElementStructElementstructElementstruct_element) can be generated with operators such as gen_circlegen_circleGenCircleGenCircleGenCirclegen_circle, gen_rectangle1gen_rectangle1GenRectangle1GenRectangle1GenRectangle1gen_rectangle1, gen_rectangle2gen_rectangle2GenRectangle2GenRectangle2GenRectangle2gen_rectangle2, gen_ellipsegen_ellipseGenEllipseGenEllipseGenEllipsegen_ellipse, draw_regiondraw_regionDrawRegionDrawRegionDrawRegiondraw_region, gen_region_polygongen_region_polygonGenRegionPolygonGenRegionPolygonGenRegionPolygongen_region_polygon, gen_region_pointsgen_region_pointsGenRegionPointsGenRegionPointsGenRegionPointsgen_region_points, etc.

Attention

closingclosingClosingClosingClosingclosing is applied to each input region separately. If gaps between different regions are to be closed, union1union1Union1Union1Union1union1 or union2union2Union2Union2Union2union2 has to be called first.

Execution Information

Parameters

RegionRegionRegionRegionregionregion (input_object)  region(-array) objectHRegionHObjectHRegionHobject

Regions to be closed.

StructElementStructElementStructElementStructElementstructElementstruct_element (input_object)  region objectHRegionHObjectHRegionHobject

Structuring element (position-invariant).

RegionClosingRegionClosingRegionClosingRegionClosingregionClosingregion_closing (output_object)  region(-array) objectHRegionHObjectHRegionHobject *

Closed regions.

Example (C++)

#include "HIOStream.h"
#if !defined(USE_IOSTREAM_H)
using namespace std;
#endif
#include "HalconCpp.h"

main()
{
  cout << "Reproduction of 'closing ()' using " << endl;
  cout << "'dilation()' and 'minkowski_sub1()'" << endl;

  HByteImage img("monkey");
  HWindow    w;

  HRegion      circ = HRegion::GenCircle (10, 10, 1.5);
  HRegionArray regs = (img >= 128).Connection();

  HRegionArray dilreg = regs.Dilation1 (circ, 1);
  HRegionArray minsub = dilreg.MinkowskiSub1 (circ, 1);

                        img.Display (w);      w.Click ();
  w.SetColor ("red");   regs.Display (w);     w.Click ();
  w.SetColor ("green"); dilreg.Display (w);   w.Click ();
  w.SetColor ("blue");  minsub.Display (w);   w.Click ();

  return(0);
}

Example (C)

my_closing(Hobject In, Hobject StructElement, Hobject *Out)
{
  Hobject  tmp;
  dilation1(In,StructElement,&tmp,1);
  minkowski_sub1(tmp,StructElement,Out,1);
}

Example (C++)

#include "HIOStream.h"
#if !defined(USE_IOSTREAM_H)
using namespace std;
#endif
#include "HalconCpp.h"

main()
{
  cout << "Reproduction of 'closing ()' using " << endl;
  cout << "'dilation()' and 'minkowski_sub1()'" << endl;

  HByteImage img("monkey");
  HWindow    w;

  HRegion      circ = HRegion::GenCircle (10, 10, 1.5);
  HRegionArray regs = (img >= 128).Connection();

  HRegionArray dilreg = regs.Dilation1 (circ, 1);
  HRegionArray minsub = dilreg.MinkowskiSub1 (circ, 1);

                        img.Display (w);      w.Click ();
  w.SetColor ("red");   regs.Display (w);     w.Click ();
  w.SetColor ("green"); dilreg.Display (w);   w.Click ();
  w.SetColor ("blue");  minsub.Display (w);   w.Click ();

  return(0);
}

Example (C++)

#include "HIOStream.h"
#if !defined(USE_IOSTREAM_H)
using namespace std;
#endif
#include "HalconCpp.h"

main()
{
  cout << "Reproduction of 'closing ()' using " << endl;
  cout << "'dilation()' and 'minkowski_sub1()'" << endl;

  HByteImage img("monkey");
  HWindow    w;

  HRegion      circ = HRegion::GenCircle (10, 10, 1.5);
  HRegionArray regs = (img >= 128).Connection();

  HRegionArray dilreg = regs.Dilation1 (circ, 1);
  HRegionArray minsub = dilreg.MinkowskiSub1 (circ, 1);

                        img.Display (w);      w.Click ();
  w.SetColor ("red");   regs.Display (w);     w.Click ();
  w.SetColor ("green"); dilreg.Display (w);   w.Click ();
  w.SetColor ("blue");  minsub.Display (w);   w.Click ();

  return(0);
}

Example (C++)

#include "HIOStream.h"
#if !defined(USE_IOSTREAM_H)
using namespace std;
#endif
#include "HalconCpp.h"

main()
{
  cout << "Reproduction of 'closing ()' using " << endl;
  cout << "'dilation()' and 'minkowski_sub1()'" << endl;

  HByteImage img("monkey");
  HWindow    w;

  HRegion      circ = HRegion::GenCircle (10, 10, 1.5);
  HRegionArray regs = (img >= 128).Connection();

  HRegionArray dilreg = regs.Dilation1 (circ, 1);
  HRegionArray minsub = dilreg.MinkowskiSub1 (circ, 1);

                        img.Display (w);      w.Click ();
  w.SetColor ("red");   regs.Display (w);     w.Click ();
  w.SetColor ("green"); dilreg.Display (w);   w.Click ();
  w.SetColor ("blue");  minsub.Display (w);   w.Click ();

  return(0);
}

Complexity

Let F1 be the area of the input region, and F2 be the area of the structuring element. Then the runtime complexity for one region is:

Result

closingclosingClosingClosingClosingclosing returns 2 (H_MSG_TRUE) if all parameters are correct. The behavior in case of empty or no input region can be set via:

Otherwise, an exception is raised.

Possible Predecessors

thresholdthresholdThresholdThresholdThresholdthreshold, regiongrowingregiongrowingRegiongrowingRegiongrowingRegiongrowingregiongrowing, connectionconnectionConnectionConnectionConnectionconnection, union1union1Union1Union1Union1union1, watershedswatershedsWatershedsWatershedsWatershedswatersheds, class_ndim_normclass_ndim_normClassNdimNormClassNdimNormClassNdimNormclass_ndim_norm, gen_circlegen_circleGenCircleGenCircleGenCirclegen_circle, gen_ellipsegen_ellipseGenEllipseGenEllipseGenEllipsegen_ellipse, gen_rectangle1gen_rectangle1GenRectangle1GenRectangle1GenRectangle1gen_rectangle1, gen_rectangle2gen_rectangle2GenRectangle2GenRectangle2GenRectangle2gen_rectangle2, draw_regiondraw_regionDrawRegionDrawRegionDrawRegiondraw_region, gen_region_pointsgen_region_pointsGenRegionPointsGenRegionPointsGenRegionPointsgen_region_points, gen_region_polygon_filledgen_region_polygon_filledGenRegionPolygonFilledGenRegionPolygonFilledGenRegionPolygonFilledgen_region_polygon_filled

Possible Successors

reduce_domainreduce_domainReduceDomainReduceDomainReduceDomainreduce_domain, select_shapeselect_shapeSelectShapeSelectShapeSelectShapeselect_shape, area_centerarea_centerAreaCenterAreaCenterAreaCenterarea_center, connectionconnectionConnectionConnectionConnectionconnection

Alternatives

closing_circleclosing_circleClosingCircleClosingCircleClosingCircleclosing_circle

See also

dilation1dilation1Dilation1Dilation1Dilation1dilation1, erosion1erosion1Erosion1Erosion1Erosion1erosion1, openingopeningOpeningOpeningOpeningopening, minkowski_sub1minkowski_sub1MinkowskiSub1MinkowskiSub1MinkowskiSub1minkowski_sub1

Module

Foundation