expand_grayexpand_grayExpandGrayExpandGrayexpand_gray (Operator)
Name
expand_grayexpand_grayExpandGrayExpandGrayexpand_gray
— Fill gaps between regions (depending on gray value or color) or split
overlapping regions.
Signature
Herror expand_gray(const Hobject Regions, const Hobject Image, const Hobject ForbiddenArea, Hobject* RegionExpand, const char* Iterations, const char* Mode, const Hlong Threshold)
Herror T_expand_gray(const Hobject Regions, const Hobject Image, const Hobject ForbiddenArea, Hobject* RegionExpand, const Htuple Iterations, const Htuple Mode, const Htuple Threshold)
void ExpandGray(const HObject& Regions, const HObject& Image, const HObject& ForbiddenArea, HObject* RegionExpand, const HTuple& Iterations, const HTuple& Mode, const HTuple& Threshold)
HRegion HImage::ExpandGray(const HRegion& Regions, const HRegion& ForbiddenArea, const HTuple& Iterations, const HString& Mode, const HTuple& Threshold) const
HRegion HImage::ExpandGray(const HRegion& Regions, const HRegion& ForbiddenArea, const HString& Iterations, const HString& Mode, Hlong Threshold) const
HRegion HImage::ExpandGray(const HRegion& Regions, const HRegion& ForbiddenArea, const char* Iterations, const char* Mode, Hlong Threshold) const
HRegion HImage::ExpandGray(const HRegion& Regions, const HRegion& ForbiddenArea, const wchar_t* Iterations, const wchar_t* Mode, Hlong Threshold) const
(Windows only)
HRegion HRegion::ExpandGray(const HImage& Image, const HRegion& ForbiddenArea, const HTuple& Iterations, const HString& Mode, const HTuple& Threshold) const
HRegion HRegion::ExpandGray(const HImage& Image, const HRegion& ForbiddenArea, const HString& Iterations, const HString& Mode, Hlong Threshold) const
HRegion HRegion::ExpandGray(const HImage& Image, const HRegion& ForbiddenArea, const char* Iterations, const char* Mode, Hlong Threshold) const
HRegion HRegion::ExpandGray(const HImage& Image, const HRegion& ForbiddenArea, const wchar_t* Iterations, const wchar_t* Mode, Hlong Threshold) const
(Windows only)
static void HOperatorSet.ExpandGray(HObject regions, HObject image, HObject forbiddenArea, out HObject regionExpand, HTuple iterations, HTuple mode, HTuple threshold)
HRegion HImage.ExpandGray(HRegion regions, HRegion forbiddenArea, HTuple iterations, string mode, HTuple threshold)
HRegion HImage.ExpandGray(HRegion regions, HRegion forbiddenArea, string iterations, string mode, int threshold)
HRegion HRegion.ExpandGray(HImage image, HRegion forbiddenArea, HTuple iterations, string mode, HTuple threshold)
HRegion HRegion.ExpandGray(HImage image, HRegion forbiddenArea, string iterations, string mode, int threshold)
Description
expand_grayexpand_grayExpandGrayExpandGrayExpandGrayexpand_gray
closes gaps between the input regions,
which resulted from the suppression of small regions in a
segmentation operator, (mode 'image'"image""image""image""image""image"), for example, or
separates overlapping regions 'region'"region""region""region""region""region").
Both uses result
from the expansion of regions. The operator works by adding a one
pixel wide “strip” to a region, in which the gray values or color
are different from the gray values or color of neighboring pixels on
the region's border by at most ThresholdThresholdThresholdThresholdthresholdthreshold
(in each
channel). For images of type 'cyclic'"cyclic""cyclic""cyclic""cyclic""cyclic" (e.g., direction
images), also points with a gray value difference of at least 255 -
ThresholdThresholdThresholdThresholdthresholdthreshold
are added to the output region.
The expansion takes place only in regions, which are designated as
not “forbidden” (parameter ForbiddenAreaForbiddenAreaForbiddenAreaForbiddenAreaforbiddenAreaforbidden_area
). The number
of iterations is determined by the parameter IterationsIterationsIterationsIterationsiterationsiterations
.
By passing 'maximal'"maximal""maximal""maximal""maximal""maximal", expand_grayexpand_grayExpandGrayExpandGrayExpandGrayexpand_gray
iterates
until convergence, i.e., until no more changes occur. By passing 0
for this parameter, all non-overlapping regions are returned. The
two modes of operation ('image'"image""image""image""image""image" and 'region'"region""region""region""region""region")
are different in the following ways:
- 'image'"image""image""image""image""image"
The input regions are expanded iteratively until they
touch another region or the image border, or the expansion
stops because of too high gray value differences. Because
expand_grayexpand_grayExpandGrayExpandGrayExpandGrayexpand_gray
processes all regions
simultaneously, gaps between regions are distributed
evenly to all regions with a similar gray value.
Overlapping regions are split by distributing the area of
overlap evenly to both regions.
- 'region'"region""region""region""region""region"
No expansion of the input regions is performed. Instead,
only overlapping regions are split by distributing the
area of overlap evenly to regions having a matching gray
value or color.
Attention
Because regions are only expanded into areas having a matching gray
value or color, usually gaps will remain between the output regions,
i.e., the segmentation is not complete.
Execution Information
- Multithreading type: reentrant (runs in parallel with non-exclusive operators).
- Multithreading scope: global (may be called from any thread).
- Processed without parallelization.
Parameters
RegionsRegionsRegionsRegionsregionsregions
(input_object) region(-array) →
objectHRegionHObjectHRegionHobject
Regions for which the gaps are to be closed, or which
are to be separated.
ImageImageImageImageimageimage
(input_object) (multichannel-)image →
objectHImageHObjectHImageHobject (byte / cyclic)
Image (possibly multi-channel) for gray value or color
comparison.
ForbiddenAreaForbiddenAreaForbiddenAreaForbiddenAreaforbiddenAreaforbidden_area
(input_object) region →
objectHRegionHObjectHRegionHobject
Regions in which no expansion takes place.
RegionExpandRegionExpandRegionExpandRegionExpandregionExpandregion_expand
(output_object) region(-array) →
objectHRegionHObjectHRegionHobject *
Expanded or separated regions.
IterationsIterationsIterationsIterationsiterationsiterations
(input_control) string →
HTupleUnion[int, str]HTupleHtuple (string / integer) (string / int / long) (HString / Hlong) (char* / Hlong)
Number of iterations.
Default value:
'maximal'
"maximal"
"maximal"
"maximal"
"maximal"
"maximal"
Suggested values: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 'maximal'"maximal""maximal""maximal""maximal""maximal"
Typical range of values: 1
≤
Iterations
Iterations
Iterations
Iterations
iterations
iterations
≤
500
(lin)
Minimum increment: 1
Recommended increment: 1
ModeModeModeModemodemode
(input_control) string →
HTuplestrHTupleHtuple (string) (string) (HString) (char*)
Expansion mode.
Default value:
'image'
"image"
"image"
"image"
"image"
"image"
List of values: 'image'"image""image""image""image""image", 'region'"region""region""region""region""region"
ThresholdThresholdThresholdThresholdthresholdthreshold
(input_control) integer(-array) →
HTupleMaybeSequence[int]HTupleHtuple (integer) (int / long) (Hlong) (Hlong)
Maximum difference between the gray value or color at
the region's border and a candidate for expansion.
Default value: 32
Suggested values: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50
Typical range of values: 1
≤
Threshold
Threshold
Threshold
Threshold
threshold
threshold
≤
255
(lin)
Minimum increment: 1
Recommended increment: 5
Example (C++)
#include "HIOStream.h"
#if !defined(USE_IOSTREAM_H)
using namespace std;
#endif
#include "HalconCpp.h"
using namespace Halcon;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
HImage image (argv[1]);
HRegion empty_region;
HWindow win;
image.Display (win);
HRegionArray seg = (image >= 100).Connection ();
seg.Display (win);
HRegionArray exp = seg.ExpandGray1 (image, empty_region,
"maximal", "image", 32);
win.SetDraw ("margin");
win.SetColored (12);
exp.Display (win);
win.Click ();
return (0);
}
Example (C)
read_image(&Image,"fabrik");
disp_image(Image,WindowHandle);
regiongrowing(Image,&RawSegments,3,3,6.0,100);
set_colored(WindowHandle,12);
disp_region(RawSegments,WindowHandle);
expand_gray(RawSegments,Image,EMPTY_REGION,&Segments,"maximal","image",24);
disp_region(Segments,WindowHandle)
Example (C++)
#include "HIOStream.h"
#if !defined(USE_IOSTREAM_H)
using namespace std;
#endif
#include "HalconCpp.h"
using namespace Halcon;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
HImage image (argv[1]);
HRegion empty_region;
HWindow win;
image.Display (win);
HRegionArray seg = (image >= 100).Connection ();
seg.Display (win);
HRegionArray exp = seg.ExpandGray1 (image, empty_region,
"maximal", "image", 32);
win.SetDraw ("margin");
win.SetColored (12);
exp.Display (win);
win.Click ();
return (0);
}
Example (C++)
#include "HIOStream.h"
#if !defined(USE_IOSTREAM_H)
using namespace std;
#endif
#include "HalconCpp.h"
using namespace Halcon;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
HImage image (argv[1]);
HRegion empty_region;
HWindow win;
image.Display (win);
HRegionArray seg = (image >= 100).Connection ();
seg.Display (win);
HRegionArray exp = seg.ExpandGray1 (image, empty_region,
"maximal", "image", 32);
win.SetDraw ("margin");
win.SetColored (12);
exp.Display (win);
win.Click ();
return (0);
}
Example (C++)
#include "HIOStream.h"
#if !defined(USE_IOSTREAM_H)
using namespace std;
#endif
#include "HalconCpp.h"
using namespace Halcon;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
HImage image (argv[1]);
HRegion empty_region;
HWindow win;
image.Display (win);
HRegionArray seg = (image >= 100).Connection ();
seg.Display (win);
HRegionArray exp = seg.ExpandGray1 (image, empty_region,
"maximal", "image", 32);
win.SetDraw ("margin");
win.SetColored (12);
exp.Display (win);
win.Click ();
return (0);
}
Result
expand_grayexpand_grayExpandGrayExpandGrayExpandGrayexpand_gray
always returns the value 2 (H_MSG_TRUE). The
behavior in case of empty input (no regions given) can be set via
set_system('no_object_result',<Result>)set_system("no_object_result",<Result>)SetSystem("no_object_result",<Result>)SetSystem("no_object_result",<Result>)SetSystem("no_object_result",<Result>)set_system("no_object_result",<Result>)
,
the behavior in case of an empty input region via
set_system('empty_region_result',<Result>)set_system("empty_region_result",<Result>)SetSystem("empty_region_result",<Result>)SetSystem("empty_region_result",<Result>)SetSystem("empty_region_result",<Result>)set_system("empty_region_result",<Result>)
,
and the behavior in case of an empty result region via
set_system('store_empty_region',<'true'/'false'>)set_system("store_empty_region",<"true"/"false">)SetSystem("store_empty_region",<"true"/"false">)SetSystem("store_empty_region",<"true"/"false">)SetSystem("store_empty_region",<"true"/"false">)set_system("store_empty_region",<"true"/"false">)
.
If necessary, an exception is raised.
Possible Predecessors
connectionconnectionConnectionConnectionConnectionconnection
,
regiongrowingregiongrowingRegiongrowingRegiongrowingRegiongrowingregiongrowing
,
pouringpouringPouringPouringPouringpouring
,
class_ndim_normclass_ndim_normClassNdimNormClassNdimNormClassNdimNormclass_ndim_norm
Possible Successors
select_shapeselect_shapeSelectShapeSelectShapeSelectShapeselect_shape
See also
expand_gray_refexpand_gray_refExpandGrayRefExpandGrayRefExpandGrayRefexpand_gray_ref
,
expand_regionexpand_regionExpandRegionExpandRegionExpandRegionexpand_region
Module
Foundation