Operators |
sobel_dir — Detect edges (amplitude and direction) using the Sobel operator.
sobel_dir(Image : EdgeAmplitude, EdgeDirection : FilterType, Size : )
sobel_dir calculates first derivative of an image and is used as an edge detector. The filter is based on the following filter masks:
A = 1 2 1 0 0 0 -1 -2 -1 B = 1 0 -1 2 0 -2 1 0 -1
These masks are used differently, according to the selected filter type. (In the following, a and b denote the results of convolving an image with A and B for one particular pixel.)
'sum_sqrt' sqrt(a^2 + b^2) / 4 'sum_abs' (|a| + |b|) / 4
For a Sobel operator with size 3x3, the corresponding filters A and B are applied directly, while for larger filter sizes the input image is first smoothed using a Gaussian filter (see gauss_image) or a binomial filter (see binomial_filter) of size Size-2. The Gaussian filter is selected for the above values of FilterType. Here, Size = 5, 7, 9, 11, or 13 must be used. The binomial filter is selected by appending '_binomial' to the above values of FilterType. Here, Size can be selected between 5 and 39. Furthermore, it is possible to select different amounts of smoothing the column and row direction by passing two values in Size. Here, the first value of Size corresponds to the mask width (smoothing in the column direction), while the second value corresponds to the mask height (smoothing in the row direction) of the binomial filter. The binomial filter can only be used for images of type byte, uint2 and real. Since smoothing reduces the edge amplitudes, in this case the edge amplitudes are multiplied by a factor of 2 to prevent information loss. Therefore,
sobel_dir(I,Amp,Dir,FilterType,S) for Size > 3 is conceptually equivalent to scale_image(I,F,2,0) gauss_image(F,G,S-2) sobel_dir(G,Amp,Dir,FilterType,3) or to scale_image(I,F,2,0) binomial_filter(F,G,S[0]-2,S[1]-2) sobel_dir(G,Amp,Dir,FilterType,3).
The edge directions are returned in EdgeDirection, and are stored in 2-degree steps, i.e., an edge direction of x degrees in mathematically positive sense and with respect to the horizontal axis is stored as x / 2 in the edge direction image. Furthermore, the direction of the change of intensity is taken into account. Let [Ex,Ey] denote the image gradient. Then the following edge directions are returned as r/2:
intensity increase Ex / Ey edge direction r from bottom to top 0 / + 0 from lower right to upper left - / + ]0,90[ from right to left - / 0 90 from upper right to lower left - / - ]90,180[ from top to bottom 0 / - 180 from upper left to lower right + / - ]180,270[ from left to right + / 0 270 from lower left to upper right + / + ]270,360[.
Points with edge amplitude 0 are assigned the edge direction 255 (undefined direction).
sobel_amp can be executed on OpenCL devices. Note that when using gaussian filtering for Size > 3, the results can vary from the CPU implementation.
Input image.
Edge amplitude (gradient magnitude) image.
Edge direction image.
Filter type.
Default value: 'sum_abs'
List of values: 'sum_abs' , 'sum_abs_binomial' , 'sum_sqrt' , 'sum_sqrt_binomial'
List of values (for compute devices): 'sum_abs' , 'sum_sqrt' , 'sum_abs_binomial' , 'sum_sqrt_binomial'
Size of filter mask.
Default value: 3
List of values: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39
read_image(Image,'fabrik') sobel_dir(Image,Amp,Dir,'sum_abs',3) threshold(Amp,Edg,128,255)
sobel_dir returns 2 (H_MSG_TRUE) if all parameters are correct. If the input is empty the behaviour can be set via set_system('no_object_result',<Result>). If necessary, an exception is raised.
binomial_filter, gauss_image, mean_image, anisotropic_diffusion, sigma_image
nonmax_suppression_dir, hysteresis_threshold, threshold
edges_image, frei_dir, kirsch_dir, prewitt_dir, robinson_dir
roberts, laplace, highpass_image, bandpass_image
Foundation
Operators |